When we think about diabetes, blood sugar control is usually the first concern that comes to mind.
But there’s a much broader picture to understand—one that includes serious complications like stroke.
People with diabetes are twice as likely to experience a stroke compared to those without the condition.
This elevated risk begins well before a formal diagnosis of diabetes is made.
Even individuals with prediabetes face a greater likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke over time.
The connection between diabetes and stroke is rooted in how our bodies process glucose for energy.
After we eat, our digestive system breaks down food into glucose, which enters the bloodstream.
To use this glucose, our cells need insulin—a hormone produced by the pancreas.
In people with Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin at all.
In Type 2 diabetes, either too little insulin is produced or the body doesn’t use it effectively.
This leads to excess glucose in the bloodstream, which can damage blood vessels and contribute to the formation of clots or fatty deposits.
Over time, these changes increase the risk of blockages in arteries, particularly those supplying the brain, leading to stroke.
Modern treatments are beginning to shift outcomes for people living with Type 2 diabetes.
These medications are an important tool, especially when paired with lifestyle changes.
Knowing your health numbers is a key part of prevention.
Start with your A1C, a measure of your average blood sugar over the past three months.
For most people with diabetes, keeping this number below 7 percent is recommended, but your ideal range may vary based on age, history, and other risk factors.
Blood pressure is another critical metric.
The American Diabetes Association suggests most people with diabetes aim for a blood pressure reading under 140/90 mm Hg, although individual targets may be lower depending on overall cardiovascular risk.
Cholesterol levels, especially LDL cholesterol, also play a major role.
For adults between 40 and 75 years old with diabetes and LDL-C between 70 and 189 mg/dL, moderate-intensity statin therapy is often advised.
This recommendation is based on clear evidence linking statins with reduced risk of heart disease and stroke in people with diabetes.
Lifestyle changes can enhance the effects of medication and reduce overall stroke risk.
Quitting smoking is one of the most powerful steps you can take.
It not only improves blood pressure and cholesterol levels but also enhances blood circulation and supports better glucose management.
Physical activity, even in moderate amounts, helps increase insulin sensitivity and contributes to healthier blood vessels.
While managing diabetes may sometimes feel like an overwhelming task, it’s important to remember that knowledge is power.
Understanding how diabetes affects the cardiovascular system, especially the risk of stroke, equips you to take meaningful action.
Talk with your healthcare provider regularly about your risk factors, medications, and lifestyle habits.
With the right support, people with diabetes can live long, healthy lives, free of stroke and other serious complications.
Stay informed, stay proactive, and take control of your health one decision at a time.